Search results for "Botrytis cinerea"
showing 10 items of 84 documents
Laccases of Botrytis cinerea
2017
Phenolic compounds significantly affect the color, odor and taste of wine. Due to their presumptive beneficial impact on human health, polyphenols in red wine have gained increasing public and scientific interest. Wine phenols are extremely sensitive to oxygen and are easily converted to brownish oxidation products accompanied by loss of nutritive values of the wine. Enzymatic oxidation takes place under the influence of polyphenoloxidases including tyrosinases and laccases. The latter are produced by the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea and enter the must with contaminated berries. Although uncontrolled action of Botrytis-laccase has a dramatic impact on wine quality, the oxidative …
The Histone Marks Signature in Exonic and Intronic Regions Is Relevant in Early Response of Tomato Genes to Botrytis cinerea and in miRNA Regulation
2020
Research into the relationship between epigenetic regulation and resistance to biotic stresses provides alternatives for plant protection and crop improvement. To unravel the mechanisms underlying tomato responses to Botrytis cinerea, we performed a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis showing the increase in H3K9ac mark along the early induced genes SlyDES, SlyDOX1, and SlyLoxD encoding oxylipin-pathway enzymes, and SlyWRKY75 coding for a transcriptional regulator of hormonal signaling. This histone mark showed a more distinct distribution than the previously studied H3K4me3. The RNAPol-ChIP analysis reflected the actual gene transcription associated with increased histone modific…
Bacillus subtilis BS-2 and Peppermint Oil as Biocontrol Agents Against Botrytis cinerea
2019
Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the activity of Bacillus subtilis BS-2 and peppermint oil against Botrytis cinerea. In this study parameters such as the age and the density of the bacterial culture and the incubation temperature were taken into consideration. Furthermore, the cellulolytic activity of the bacterium was determined. The effect of peppermint oil was evaluated at a concentration range of 0.5-4.0 %. The research was conducted with a dual culture plate method. The influence of B. subtilis BS-2 and peppermint oil on the growth of B. cinerea was evaluated based on the growth rate index. It was noted that the bacterial culture occurred at an initial density of OD 560…
Composition, Antifungal, Phytotoxic, and Insecticidal Activities of Thymus kotschyanus Essential Oil
2020
Essential oils (EOs) are some of the outstanding compounds found in Thymus that can exert antifungal, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activities, which encourage their exploration and potential use for agricultural and food purposes. The essential oils (EO) obtained from Thymus kotschyanus collected in the East Azerbaijan Province (Iran) were characterized using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Thymol was the most important compound (60.48%), although 35 other active compounds were identified in the EO. Significant amounts of carvacrol (3.08%), p-cymene (5.56%), and &gamma
Integrated signaling network involving calcium, nitric oxide, active oxygen species but not mitogen-activated protein kinases in BcPG1-elicited grape…
2006
We have already reported the identification of the endopolygalacturonase 1 (BcPG1) from Botrytis cinerea as a potent elicitor of defense responses in grapevine, independently of its enzymatic activity. The aim of the present study is the analysis of the signaling pathways triggered by BcPG1 in grapevine cells. Our data indicate that BcPG1 induces a Ca2+ entry from the apoplasm, which triggers a phosphorylation-dependent nitric oxide (NO) production via an enzyme probably related to a NO synthase. Then NO is involved in i) cytosolic calcium homeostasis, by activating Ca2+ release from internal stores and regulating Ca2+ fluxes across the plasma membrane, ii) plasma membrane potential variat…
Bacterial rhamnolipids are novel MAMPs conferring resistance to Botrytis cinerea in grapevine
2009
International audience; Rhamnolipids produced by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa are known as very efficient biosurfactant molecules. They are used for a wide range of industrial applications, especially in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations as well as in bioremediation of pollutants. In this paper, the role of rhamnolipids as novel molecules triggering defence responses and protection against the fungus Botrytis cinerea in grapevine is presented. The effect of rhamnolipids was assessed in grapevine using cell suspension cultures and vitro-plantlets. Ca2+ influx, mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and reactive oxygen species production form part of early signalling…
Anti-phytopathogen terpenoid glycosides from the root bark of Chytranthus macrobotrys and Radlkofera calodendron
2020
Abstract Chytranthus macrobotrys and Radlkofera calodendron are two Sapindaceae characterized by a lack of phytochemical data. Both root barks from the two Sapindaceae species were processed by ethanol extraction followed by the isolation of their primary constituents by liquid chromatography. This process yielded four previously undescribed terpenoid glycosides together with eight known analogues. Extracts and isolated compounds from C. macrobotrys and R. calodendron were then screened for antimicrobial activity against fifteen phytopathogens. The biological screening also involved extracts and pure compounds from Blighia unijugata and Blighia welwitschii, two Sapindaceae previously studie…
The glutaredoxin ATGRXS13 is required to facilitate Botrytis cinerea infection of Arabidopsis thaliana plants
2011
Summary Botrytis cinerea is a major pre- and post-harvest necrotrophic pathogen with a broad host range that causes substantial crop losses. The plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in the basal resistance against this fungus. Despite basal resistance, virulent strains of B. cinerea can cause disease on Arabidopsis thaliana and virulent pathogens can interfere with the metabolism of the host in a way to facilitate infection of the plant. However, plant genes that are required by the pathogen for infection remain poorly described. To find such genes, we have compared the changes in gene expression induced in A. thaliana by JA with those induced after B. cinerea using genome-wide micr…
How to Deal with Uninvited Guests in Wine: Copper and Copper-containing Oxidases
2020
Copper is one of the most frequently occurring heavy metals in must and wine. It is introduced by pesticides, brass fittings, and as copper sulphate for treatment of reductive off-flavors. At higher concentrations, copper has harmful effects on the wine. It contributes to the oxidation of wine ingredients, browning reactions, cloudiness, inhibition of microorganisms, and wine fermentation. Last but not least, there is also a danger to the consumer. At present, some physicochemical methods exist to reduce the copper content in must and wine, but they all have their shortcomings. A possible solution is the biosorption of metals by yeasts or lactobacilli. Copper can also reach must and wine in…
Effects of resveratrol on the ultrastructure of Botrytis cinerea conidia and biological significance in plant/pathogen interactions
2012
International audience; Many roles have been ascribed to stilbenes, namely as antimicrobial, deterrent or repellent compounds in plants, protecting them from attacks by fungi, bacteria, nematodes or herbivores, acting both as constitutive and active defense (phytoalexin) compounds. More recently, stilbenes (especially resveratrol and its derivatives) were acclaimed for their wondrous effects and wide range of purported healing and preventive powers as cardioprotective, antitumor, neuroprotective and antioxidant agents. Although there is a huge number of works concerning the role of resveratrol in human health, reports on the antifungal activity of this compound are still scarce. This study …